In 1953, Immigration and Naturalization Service’s commissioner Argyle Mackey said that “the human tide of ‘wetbacks’” was the “most serious enforcement problem of the Service.”
Dean / The LIFE Picture Collection / Getty ImagesIllegal immigrants being escorted back across the boundary line to Mexico . 1955 .
While the United States has enacted many doubtful policies in its 241 - yr history , few were as explicitly so as the 1954 law enforcement initiative known as Operation Wetback .
Today , there is much talk of mass illegal in-migration along the Mexican - American border , but far from being a new phenomenon , the Mexican - American border hasalwaysbeen a holey entity , with Brobdingnagian numbers pool of masses passing through at all prison term , lawfully and illegally .
Dean/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty ImagesIllegal immigrants being escorted back across the border to Mexico. 1955.
Since the 1930s , large telephone number of Mexican laborer have traveled into the United States for seasonal agricultural body of work . These migratory workers often numbered over 150,000 a year , and would generally return to Mexico espouse the final stage of their employment .
In 1941 when the U.S. joined World War II and prominent numbers of young American Man went off to struggle abroad , farms in the U.S. were in need of labor .
In response to this labor deficit , the US government activity created theBraceroprogramjointly with the Mexican government .
J. R. Eyerman/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty ImagesBracero Mexican farmers picking carrots in an American farm.
Through theBracero(meaning “ manual laborer ” in Spanish ) programme , the U.S. would provide Mexican migrant workers with short term legal house physician status and adequate living conditions to entice an inflow of labor .
J. R. Eyerman / The LIFE Picture Collection / Getty ImagesBracero Mexican farmers pick carrot in an American farm .
Over the program ’s 22 - year span , it bring 4.6 million Mexicans to work in the U.S. legally .
PhotoQuest/Getty ImagesMexican farm workers line up as they are registered to work in the US through the Bracero program, part of the Mexican Farm Labor Agreement, 1951.
Even still , the number ofbraceropositions was much smaller than the number of Mexican applicants , and many were scorn . Those bend aside often decide to intersect the margin illegally and were welcomed by American employer look for an even cheaper workforce .
These immigrant were frequently referred to as “ wetbacks , ” a racial slur against Mexicans that alludes to the fact that some had lawlessly crossed the border had to wade through the Rio Grande River .
After the end of World War II , this influx of immigrant begin to trouble many American lawmakers .
Loomis Dean/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty ImagesA group of Mexican immigrants sprawled on the floor of a border patrol jail cell as they await deportation.
In 1953 , Immigration and Naturalization Service commissioner Argyle Mackeycomplainedthat “ the human lunar time period of ‘ wetbacks ’ ” was the “ most serious enforcement trouble of the Service ” and that for “ every agricultural laborer admitted legally , four outlander were apprehended . ”
PhotoQuest / Getty ImagesMexican farm proletarian line up as they are register to work in the US through the Bracero program , part of the Mexican Farm Labor Agreement , 1951 .
Willard Kelly , the help commissioner of the border patrol , called this “ the greatest peacetime intrusion ever complacently stomach by any state . ”
Hulton-Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Getty ImagesIllegal Mexican immigrants are turned away at gunpoint by police officers.
To react to these concerns , the Immigration and Naturalization Service , back by the Eisenhower administration , created the immigration jurisprudence enforcement initiative Operation Wetback , with the state goal of deporting all illegal Mexican immigrant in the United States .
The operation as a whole was a media consequence , with newspaper report the numbers of “ taco seizure ” and detailing the “ professional ” raids of the INS . In the first class alone , the INS cover they had deported 1,078,168 illegal Mexican immigrants in the U.S.
This media genus Circus stoked racial tension between White American and Mexican - American farmworkers .
ab initio the reaction to this initiative by Mexican - American groups was largelypositive . Legal immigrants and migrantbracerosfelt that illegal immigrants unfairly drive down their wages , and matte that they should be deport .
However , Professor David G. Gutiérrez of the University of California , San Diego explained :
“ Not even the most politically conservative Mexican American organizations could cut the fact that [ in-migration ] dragnets not only were bear upon putative illegal alien but also were devastating Mexican American families , cut off business organization in Mexican neighbourhood , and fanning interethnic animus throughout the border region . ”
Loomis Dean / The LIFE Picture Collection / Getty ImagesA radical of Mexican immigrant sprawled on the floor of a border patrol jail cell as they look expatriation .
Under this pretence of efficiency and effectiveness , lay a world of inhumane and illegal exile . During INS raids , agent would involve that Mexican labourer exhibit birth certificate proving citizenship and would acquit them if they did not have these papers on their person . Draft cards or Social Security cards were not considered sufficient grounds .
immigrant were sweep up up in raid and extradite without due process , often give their mob to guess about their whereabouts .
Those deported would be shove into hot truck or crammed in crowd boats to be ship back to Mexico . In July 1955 , 88 deported workers died when they were left in the back of a truck in 112 - degree heat .
Furthermore , many of these deportee were sent to parts of the rural area vastly unlike and far off from their homelands . Many of those carry would return to the US concisely after , with 20 % of exile being repetition offenders between 1960 and 1961 .
Hulton - Deutsch Collection / CORBIS / Getty ImagesIllegal Mexican immigrants are turned away at gunpoint by police officers .
Throughout this full stop the INS blow up their jurisdiction to allow them to arrest the great unwashed for harboring illegal immigrants . They explicitly did not apply these insurance policy to clientele hiring illegal immigrants , and despite the policies , these businesses continued to hire them .
American companies continued to recruit illegal immigrant at the Mexican border , providing an inducement for Mexican laborers to endure the trek into the U.S.
The operation slow tapered off until its oddment in the mid-1960s . By 1955 , the operation was deport fewer than 250,000 masses a year , and the bit steadily decreased from there .
Operation Wetback made the Mexican - American margin a bastioned position , spread prejudice against Mexican - Americans , deport legion American citizens to Mexico , and ultimately give out to address the event of illegal in-migration .
After find out about Operation Wetback , show how Mexico ’s ex - president called Trump’swall a racist monument . Then , check out these unsettling before and after photo from the U.S. government’sOperation Doorstep .
